# =================================================================================
# ACT tunnel-junction wake switch
#
# Applied constructor-theory case:
# A remote leak-alarm node must wake up under a very small forward-bias regime.
#
# We compare two devices:
#   - tunnelJunction   : a heavily doped narrow PN junction with overlapping states
#   - ordinaryJunction : a conventional PN junction without that overlap
#
# The aim is to express the application in "can / can't" form:
#   what the tunnel junction can do,
#   and what the conventional junction can't do,
# under the same low-bias operating requirement.
# =================================================================================

@prefix : <http://example.org/act/tunnel-junction/> .
@prefix arc: <https://example.org/arc#> .
@prefix log: <http://www.w3.org/2000/10/swap/log#> .

:case a arc:Case ;
  arc:question "Can a tunnel-junction wake switch trigger a low-bias leak alarm in a regime where a conventional PN junction cannot?" .

# -------------------
# Application context
# -------------------

:leakAlarmNode a :EdgeSensor ;
  :needs :MicrowattWakeSwitching ;
  :application :PipeLeakAlarm .

# ----------------------------------
# Device A: tunnel-style PN junction
# ----------------------------------

# This junction is modeled with the structural conditions associated here
# with quantum-tunneling transfer across the barrier.
:tunnelJunction a :PNJunction ;
  :junctionKind :TunnelDiode ;
  :doping :Heavy ;
  :depletionWidth :Narrow ;
  :stateAlignment :Overlap ;
  :biasRegime :LowForwardBias ;
  :scanProfile :PeakToValley ;
  :deviceRole :WakeSwitch .

# ----------------------------------
# Device B: conventional PN junction
# ----------------------------------

# This junction is modeled as lacking the conditions needed for the same
# low-bias transfer mode.
:ordinaryJunction a :PNJunction ;
  :junctionKind :ConventionalDiode ;
  :doping :Standard ;
  :depletionWidth :Wide ;
  :stateAlignment :NoOverlap ;
  :biasRegime :LowForwardBias ;
  :scanProfile :MonotoneForward ;
  :deviceRole :WakeSwitch .

# ---------------------------------
# CAN rules — what becomes possible
# ---------------------------------

# A heavily doped, narrow junction with overlapping states
# can support quantum transfer across the barrier.
{ ?J a :PNJunction ;
     :doping :Heavy ;
     :depletionWidth :Narrow ;
     :stateAlignment :Overlap . }
=>
{ ?J :can :QuantumBarrierTransfer .
  ?J :transportMode :TunnelingDominant . } .

# If quantum barrier transfer is available in the low-bias
# regime, then sub-threshold current is possible.
{ ?J :can :QuantumBarrierTransfer ;
     :biasRegime :LowForwardBias . }
=>
{ ?J :can :SubThresholdCurrent . } .

# If the device has quantum barrier transfer and is scanned
# through the peak-to-valley operating region, then a
# negative differential response is possible.
{ ?J :can :QuantumBarrierTransfer ;
     :scanProfile :PeakToValley . }
=>
{ ?J :can :NegativeDifferentialResponse . } .

# If sub-threshold current is possible and the device is
# being used as a wake switch, then ultra-low-bias switching
# is possible.
{ ?J :can :SubThresholdCurrent ;
     :deviceRole :WakeSwitch . }
=>
{ ?J :can :UltraLowBiasSwitching . } .

# If ultra-low-bias switching is possible and the node needs
# that capability, then the device can serve the wake circuit.
{ ?J :can :UltraLowBiasSwitching .
  :leakAlarmNode :needs :MicrowattWakeSwitching . }
=>
{ ?J :can :ServeLeakAlarmWakeCircuit . } .

# -------------------------------------
# CAN'T rules — what becomes impossible
# -------------------------------------

# A conventional low-bias junction with wide depletion and
# no state overlap cannot provide the same quantum transfer.
{ ?J a :PNJunction ;
     :doping :Standard ;
     :depletionWidth :Wide ;
     :stateAlignment :NoOverlap . }
=>
{ ?J :cannot :QuantumBarrierTransfer . } .

# If quantum barrier transfer is unavailable in the same
# low-bias regime, then sub-threshold current is unavailable.
{ ?J :cannot :QuantumBarrierTransfer ;
     :biasRegime :LowForwardBias . }
=>
{ ?J :cannot :SubThresholdCurrent . } .

# Without the quantum transfer mode, the negative
# differential response of the tunnel-style operating window
# is unavailable too.
{ ?J :cannot :QuantumBarrierTransfer . }
=>
{ ?J :cannot :NegativeDifferentialResponse . } .

# If sub-threshold current is unavailable for a wake switch,
# then ultra-low-bias switching is unavailable.
{ ?J :cannot :SubThresholdCurrent ;
     :deviceRole :WakeSwitch . }
=>
{ ?J :cannot :UltraLowBiasSwitching . } .

# If ultra-low-bias switching is unavailable, then the device
# cannot serve the leak-alarm wake circuit.
{ ?J :cannot :UltraLowBiasSwitching .
  :leakAlarmNode :needs :MicrowattWakeSwitching . }
=>
{ ?J :cannot :ServeLeakAlarmWakeCircuit . } .

# ------
# Checks
# ------

# Positive checks for the tunnel junction.
{ :tunnelJunction :can :QuantumBarrierTransfer . }
=> { :case :checkC1 :Passed . } .

{ :tunnelJunction :transportMode :TunnelingDominant . }
=> { :case :checkC2 :Passed . } .

{ :tunnelJunction :can :SubThresholdCurrent . }
=> { :case :checkC3 :Passed . } .

{ :tunnelJunction :can :NegativeDifferentialResponse . }
=> { :case :checkC4 :Passed . } .

{ :tunnelJunction :can :UltraLowBiasSwitching . }
=> { :case :checkC5 :Passed . } .

{ :tunnelJunction :can :ServeLeakAlarmWakeCircuit . }
=> { :case :checkC6 :Passed . } .

# Negative checks for the conventional junction.
{ :ordinaryJunction :cannot :QuantumBarrierTransfer . }
=> { :case :checkC7 :Passed . } .

{ :ordinaryJunction :cannot :SubThresholdCurrent . }
=> { :case :checkC8 :Passed . } .

{ :ordinaryJunction :cannot :NegativeDifferentialResponse . }
=> { :case :checkC9 :Passed . } .

{ :ordinaryJunction :cannot :UltraLowBiasSwitching . }
=> { :case :checkC10 :Passed . } .

{ :ordinaryJunction :cannot :ServeLeakAlarmWakeCircuit . }
=> { :case :checkC11 :Passed . } .

# ----------------
# ARC-style output
# ----------------

{ :case :checkC1 :Passed .
  :case :checkC2 :Passed .
  :case :checkC3 :Passed .
  :case :checkC4 :Passed .
  :case :checkC5 :Passed .
  :case :checkC6 :Passed .
  :case :checkC7 :Passed .
  :case :checkC8 :Passed .
  :case :checkC9 :Passed .
  :case :checkC10 :Passed .
  :case :checkC11 :Passed . }
=>
{
  :out log:outputString """ACT tunnel-junction wake switch

Answer
YES for the tunnel junction.
NO for the conventional low-bias PN junction in the same wake-switch regime.

Reason Why
The tunnel junction is modeled as a heavily doped narrow PN junction with overlapping states, so quantum barrier transfer is possible. That makes sub-threshold current possible in the low-forward-bias regime, which in turn makes ultra-low-bias switching possible for the wake circuit. Because the device is also scanned through a peak-to-valley window, a negative differential response is possible as well. By contrast, the conventional junction lacks the structural conditions for the same transfer mode, so it cannot deliver the same low-bias switching task in this case.

Check
C1  OK - the tunnel junction can support quantum barrier transfer
C2  OK - the tunnel junction is classified as tunneling-dominant
C3  OK - the tunnel junction can deliver sub-threshold current
C4  OK - the tunnel junction can show negative differential response
C5  OK - the tunnel junction can perform ultra-low-bias switching
C6  OK - the tunnel junction can serve the leak-alarm wake circuit
C7  OK - the conventional junction cannot support the same quantum barrier transfer
C8  OK - the conventional junction cannot deliver sub-threshold current in this regime
C9  OK - the conventional junction cannot show the tunnel-style negative differential response
C10 OK - the conventional junction cannot perform ultra-low-bias switching here
C11 OK - the conventional junction cannot serve the leak-alarm wake circuit in this case
""" .
} .